Ubiquitin-mediated Protein Degradation㰀⼀瀀㸀 㰀椀洀最 愀氀椀最渀㴀氀攀昀琀 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀㈀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀最椀昀∀㸀
吀栀攀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 挀栀愀椀渀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 挀漀瀀椀攀猀 漀昀 甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀 ⠀唀䈀⤀ 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 愀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀爀愀挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 琀栀攀 ㈀㘀匀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀Ⰰ 愀 氀愀爀最攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 琀栀愀琀 戀爀攀愀欀猀 搀漀眀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀 愀洀椀渀漀 愀挀椀搀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀甀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀椀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀爀攀 猀栀漀爀琀ⴀ氀椀瘀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 眀栀漀猀攀 愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀 戀礀 爀愀瀀椀搀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀甀挀栀 氀椀欀攀 愀渀 漀渀⼀漀昀昀 猀眀椀琀挀栀㬀 愀猀 猀甀挀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 唀䈀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀琀猀攀氀昀 椀猀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 琀漀漀氀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀攀礀 猀椀最渀愀氀氀椀渀最 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 挀攀氀氀 挀礀挀氀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀礀挀氀椀渀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 戀礀 唀䈀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀漀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 愀 爀愀瀀椀搀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 挀攀氀氀 挀礀挀氀攀 猀琀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀 挀礀挀氀攀 戀礀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 爀攀最爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀渀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀 猀琀愀最攀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 唀䈀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀攀猀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀琀椀最攀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 琀爀愀渀猀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀一䄀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 愀渀搀 愀瀀漀瀀琀漀猀椀猀⸀
䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ㈀㘀匀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 洀椀猀昀漀氀搀攀搀Ⰰ 搀愀洀愀最攀搀 漀爀 洀甀琀愀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀戀渀漀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 栀愀爀洀昀甀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀⸀ 唀䈀ⴀ搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀漀氀礀猀椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀 眀椀琀栀 愀 瀀爀漀漀昀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 渀愀猀挀攀渀琀 瀀漀氀礀瀀攀瀀琀椀搀攀 挀栀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀戀礀 昀愀甀氀琀礀 瀀漀氀礀瀀攀瀀琀椀搀攀猀 愀爀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀椀最渀愀氀 唀䈀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 挀愀渀 戀攀 戀甀爀椀攀搀 椀渀 愀 栀礀搀爀漀瀀栀漀戀椀挀 挀漀爀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 漀渀氀礀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 攀砀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 洀椀猀昀漀氀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀椀攀渀琀 眀愀礀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀 洀椀猀昀漀氀搀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 漀渀攀猀 ⴀ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 挀栀愀瀀攀爀漀渀攀猀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀猀 愀 瀀漀氀礀瀀攀瀀琀椀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀琀 椀猀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀攀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀 椀猀 昀甀氀氀礀 昀漀氀搀攀搀⸀ 䐀愀洀愀最攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 栀攀瀀愀琀椀挀 挀礀琀漀挀栀爀漀洀攀猀 倀㐀㔀 愀爀攀 栀愀攀洀漀瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 攀渀最愀最攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀渀搀漀ⴀ 愀渀搀 砀攀渀漀戀椀漀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 搀甀爀椀渀最 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 搀愀洀愀最攀搀 戀礀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀琀攀爀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀猀㬀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀洀愀最攀搀 氀椀瘀攀爀 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 唀䈀ⴀ搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀漀氀礀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀
䤀琀 椀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 昀漀爀 愀 挀攀氀氀 琀漀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀攀氀攀挀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 猀漀 愀猀 琀漀 愀瘀漀椀搀 搀攀最爀愀搀椀渀最 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 瘀椀琀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀氀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀 搀攀氀椀挀愀琀攀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 攀砀椀猀琀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 椀渀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 挀漀瀀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀ᤀ猀 攀瘀攀爀ⴀ挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 瀀愀琀栀眀愀礀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀猀 愀 栀椀最栀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀渀最 漀渀氀礀 唀䈀ⴀ琀愀最最攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀猀琀爀漀礀攀搀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 攀砀椀猀琀猀 愀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 唀䈀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀戀礀 爀攀猀挀甀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀 昀爀漀洀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 椀渀搀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀甀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 愀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀攀搀Ⰰ 椀琀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 栀愀瘀攀 猀漀洀攀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 唀䈀ⴀ琀愀最最椀渀最 猀椀最渀愀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 洀甀猀琀 攀猀挀愀瀀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀ⴀ甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀琀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 唀䈀 琀漀 愀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀爀攀攀 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 䔀 ⠀唀䈀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀椀渀最 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 䔀㈀ ⠀唀䈀ⴀ挀漀渀樀甀最愀琀椀渀最 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 䔀㌀ ⠀唀䈀 氀椀最愀猀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀漀爀欀 猀攀焀甀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 愀 挀愀猀挀愀搀攀㨀
唀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 䔀 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀椀渀最 唀䈀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀琀攀瀀 椀渀 甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀 攀渀稀礀洀攀 栀礀搀爀漀氀礀猀攀猀 䄀吀倀 愀渀搀 愀搀攀渀礀氀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 䌀ⴀ琀攀爀洀椀渀甀猀 漀昀 唀䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 昀漀爀洀猀 愀 琀栀椀漀攀猀琀攀爀 戀漀渀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 䌀ⴀ琀攀爀洀椀渀甀猀 漀昀 唀䈀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀椀琀攀 挀礀猀琀攀椀渀攀 漀昀 䔀⸀ 吀漀 戀攀 昀甀氀氀礀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 䔀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀渀ⴀ挀漀瘀愀氀攀渀琀氀礀 戀椀渀搀 琀漀 愀渀搀 愀搀攀渀礀氀愀琀攀 愀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 唀䈀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀 攀渀稀礀洀攀 挀愀渀 琀栀攀渀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀漀攀猀琀攀爀ⴀ氀椀渀欀攀搀 唀䈀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀䈀ⴀ挀漀渀樀甀最愀琀椀渀最 攀渀稀礀洀攀Ⰰ 䔀㈀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀渀 䄀吀倀ⴀ搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀
唀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀 挀漀渀樀甀最愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 唀䈀 椀猀 氀椀渀欀攀搀 戀礀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀椀漀攀猀琀攀爀 戀漀渀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀椀琀攀 挀礀猀琀攀椀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀㈀ 攀渀稀礀洀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 䔀㈀ 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 ⠀㸀㌀ 椀渀 栀甀洀愀渀猀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 戀爀漀愀搀氀礀 最爀漀甀瀀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 昀漀甀爀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 挀漀爀攀 挀愀琀愀氀礀琀椀挀 搀漀洀愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 猀栀漀爀琀 䌀ⴀ 漀爀 一ⴀ琀攀爀洀椀渀愀氀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 䔀㈀ 氀漀挀愀氀椀猀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 椀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀ⴀ瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 䔀㈀ 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 漀瘀攀爀氀愀瀀瀀椀渀最 猀攀琀猀 漀昀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀⸀
唀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀 氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 圀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀攀氀瀀 漀昀 愀 琀栀椀爀搀 攀渀稀礀洀攀Ⰰ 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀Ⰰ 唀䈀 椀猀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀爀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䔀㈀ 攀渀稀礀洀攀 琀漀 愀 氀礀猀椀渀攀 爀攀猀椀搀甀攀 漀渀 愀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀Ⰰ 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 椀渀 愀渀 椀猀漀瀀攀瀀琀椀搀攀 戀漀渀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 氀礀猀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀ⴀ琀攀爀洀椀渀甀猀 漀昀 唀䈀⸀ 唀䈀 氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 猀琀攀瀀猀 漀昀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 唀䈀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 琀愀爀最攀琀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䠀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 瀀甀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 戀椀渀搀 琀漀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 ᰀ搀攀最爀漀渀猀ᴀ ⠀愀猀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀椀琀礀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀 攀渀稀礀洀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 昀漀甀爀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀㨀 䠀䔀䌀吀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀 ⠀䤀倀刀 㔀㘀㤀⤀Ⰰ 刀䤀一䜀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀 ⠀䤀倀刀 㠀㐀⤀Ⰰ 倀䠀䐀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 唀ⴀ戀漀砀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 ⠀䤀倀刀 ㌀㘀㌀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㌀ 攀渀稀礀洀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀䈀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 猀攀琀 漀昀 搀攀ⴀ甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀椀渀最 椀猀漀瀀攀瀀琀椀搀愀猀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀氀攀愀瘀攀 唀䈀 漀昀昀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 唀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀 攀氀漀渀最愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 唀䈀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 氀椀渀欀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀渀攀 琀漀 昀漀爀洀 愀 瀀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀 愀 唀䈀ⴀ攀氀漀渀最愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀稀礀洀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 䔀㐀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀渀 氀礀猀椀渀攀 爀攀猀椀搀甀攀猀 椀渀 唀䈀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 氀椀渀欀 唀䈀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 椀渀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 倀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀猀 氀椀渀欀攀搀 愀琀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 愀氀琀攀爀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀琀椀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 椀猀 愀搀搀攀搀㨀 䰀礀猀⠀⤀ⴀⰀ 䰀礀猀⠀㈀㤀⤀ⴀ 愀渀搀 䰀礀猀⠀㐀㠀⤀ⴀ氀椀渀欀攀搀 瀀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀猀 琀愀爀最攀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀 昀漀爀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 䰀礀猀⠀㘀⤀ⴀ 漀爀 䰀礀猀⠀㘀㌀⤀ⴀ氀椀渀欀攀搀 瀀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀猀 ⠀愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 洀漀渀漀ⴀ甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀椀漀渀⤀ 猀椀最渀愀氀 爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 洀漀搀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 戀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 眀椀琀栀 䰀礀猀⠀㐀㠀⤀ 瀀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 挀栀愀椀渀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀猀 氀攀渀最琀栀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀猀 椀琀猀 愀昀昀椀渀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 攀砀焀甀椀猀椀琀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀椀琀礀 椀渀 爀攀最愀爀搀猀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 唀䈀Ⰰ 栀漀眀 洀愀渀礀 唀䈀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀琀 眀栀愀琀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀礀ⴀ唀䈀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀椀渀欀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀戀礀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀 爀漀氀攀 椀琀 眀椀氀氀 瀀氀愀礀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀㰀椀洀最 愀氀椀最渀㴀爀椀最栀琀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀㈀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀樀瀀最∀㸀 倀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 吀栀攀 ㈀㘀匀 瀀爀漀琀攀愀猀漀洀攀 椀猀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀㸀㘀 猀甀戀甀渀椀琀猀⤀ 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 眀椀琀栀 愀 ㈀ 匀 戀愀爀爀攀氀ⴀ猀栀愀瀀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀漀氀礀琀椀挀 挀漀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀渀最 愀 愀渀搀 戀 猀甀戀甀渀椀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀眀漀 㤀匀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 ᰀ挀愀瀀猀ᴀ 愀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 攀渀搀 ⠀猀攀攀 搀椀愀最爀愀洀 愀戀漀瘀攀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 㤀匀 挀愀瀀猀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀猀攀Ⰰ 搀攀ⴀ甀戀椀焀甀椀琀椀渀礀氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 甀渀昀漀氀搀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀 椀猀 瀀甀氀氀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 栀漀氀氀漀眀 挀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㈀ 匀 挀愀琀愀氀礀琀椀挀 挀攀渀琀爀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 椀猀 搀椀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 爀攀甀猀愀戀氀攀 愀洀椀渀漀 愀挀椀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 䐀椀猀攀愀猀攀
䤀渀愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 唀䈀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀愀琀栀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 渀攀甀爀漀搀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀椀猀漀爀搀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 愀最最爀攀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 戀漀搀礀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䄀氀稀栀攀椀洀攀爀ᤀ猀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀Ⰰ 倀愀爀欀椀渀猀漀渀ᤀ猀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀Ⰰ 䠀甀渀琀椀渀最琀漀渀ᤀ猀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀 愀渀搀 䄀䰀匀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 洀椀猀昀漀氀搀椀渀最 洀愀礀 瀀氀愀礀 愀 爀漀氀攀⸀ 匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 倀愀爀欀椀渀猀漀渀ᤀ猀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀ⴀ挀愀甀猀椀渀最 洀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 椀渀 最攀渀攀猀 攀渀挀漀搀椀渀最 昀漀爀 唀䈀ⴀ洀攀搀椀愀琀攀搀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀琀栀眀愀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 倀䄀刀䬀㈀ⴀ攀渀挀漀搀攀搀 倀愀爀欀椀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀甀猀攀猀 愀甀琀漀猀漀洀愀氀 爀攀挀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 樀甀瘀攀渀椀氀攀 瀀愀爀欀椀渀猀漀渀椀猀洀 ⠀䄀刀ⴀ䨀倀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀渀 䔀㌀ 氀椀最愀猀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀琀栀眀愀礀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 昀漀爀洀猀 漀昀 挀愀渀挀攀爀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀 䤀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 漀渀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㌀Ⰰ 㤀㌀㜀Ⰰ 椀渀 䬀愀爀挀愀最Ⰰ 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀⸀ 䬀愀爀挀愀最 椀猀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 琀漀眀渀 漀昀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 ㈀㔀Ⰰ 椀渀栀愀戀椀琀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 㔀 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 攀愀猀琀 漀昀 䈀甀搀愀瀀攀猀琀⸀ 䤀琀 栀愀搀 愀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 漀昀 渀攀愀爀氀礀 漀渀攀 琀栀漀甀猀愀渀搀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀⸀ 䴀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 䴀漀猀栀攀 䠀攀爀猀栀欀漀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 愀 猀挀栀漀漀氀琀攀愀挀栀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 椀渀 䬀愀爀挀愀最㬀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀漀眀渀 眀攀爀攀 栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䠀椀猀 昀漀爀洀攀爀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䤀猀爀愀攀氀Ⰰ 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 栀椀洀 眀椀琀栀 愀搀洀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀渀 椀渀猀瀀椀爀椀渀最 琀攀愀挀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀 爀漀氀攀 洀漀搀攀氀 攀搀甀挀愀琀漀爀⸀ 䴀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀 匀栀漀猀栀愀渀愀⼀䴀愀爀最椀琀 ⠀∀䴀愀渀挀椀∀⤀ 眀愀猀 愀渀 攀搀甀挀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 洀甀猀椀挀愀氀氀礀 最椀昀琀攀搀 眀漀洀愀渀⸀ 匀栀攀 最愀瘀攀 猀漀洀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀渀搀 瀀椀愀渀漀 氀攀猀猀漀渀猀 琀漀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 椀渀 䬀愀爀挀愀最⸀ 䴀礀 漀氀搀攀爀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀椀洀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 椀渀 㤀㌀㘀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 琀眀漀 礀攀愀爀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 洀攀⸀ 䴀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 瘀攀爀礀 洀甀挀栀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀猀漀 愀 戀愀戀礀 最椀爀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀 漀昀 圀漀爀氀搀 圀愀爀 䤀䤀Ⰰ 䠀椀琀氀攀爀✀猀 猀挀爀攀愀洀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 栀攀愀爀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀搀椀漀Ⰰ 洀礀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 愀瀀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 琀爀礀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 洀漀爀攀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀⸀ 匀琀椀氀氀Ⰰ 洀礀 爀攀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 洀礀 攀愀爀氀礀 挀栀椀氀搀栀漀漀搀 愀爀攀 漀昀 瘀攀爀礀 栀愀瀀瀀礀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 氀漀瘀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 最爀漀眀椀渀最 甀瀀 椀渀 愀 渀椀挀攀 栀漀甀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 戀攀愀甀琀椀昀甀氀 最愀爀搀攀渀Ⰰ 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 洀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 眀栀漀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀渀 愀洀愀琀攀甀爀 ⠀戀甀琀 愀瘀椀搀⤀ 最愀爀搀攀渀攀爀⸀ 䄀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀礀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 䤀 愀猀 愀渀 椀渀昀愀渀琀Ⰰ 猀栀漀眀猀 眀攀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀愀爀洀琀栀 漀昀 洀礀 昀愀洀椀氀礀⸀
吀栀椀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 瀀愀爀愀搀椀猀攀 眀愀猀 氀漀猀琀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀 愀渀搀 戀爀甀琀愀氀氀礀⸀ 圀漀爀氀搀 圀愀爀 䤀䤀 戀爀漀欀攀 漀甀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀漀渀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀 樀漀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 愀猀 愀渀 愀氀氀礀 漀昀 一愀稀椀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀⸀ 䤀渀 㤀㐀㈀Ⰰ 洀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 眀愀猀 琀愀欀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䠀甀渀最愀爀椀愀渀 䄀爀洀礀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 愀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 氀愀戀漀爀攀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 洀攀渀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 猀攀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 昀爀漀渀琀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀 瀀攀爀椀猀栀攀搀⸀ 䰀甀挀欀椀氀礀 昀漀爀 洀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀 䄀爀洀礀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀漀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 匀琀愀氀椀渀最爀愀搀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 眀愀猀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 一愀稀椀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 欀椀氀氀 栀椀洀⸀ 吀栀攀渀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀猀 愀猀 愀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 氀愀戀漀爀攀爀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀搀 漀渀氀礀 椀渀 㤀㐀㘀Ⰰ 猀漀 眀攀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 欀渀漀眀 昀漀爀 昀漀甀爀 礀攀愀爀猀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀漀琀 栀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀椀瘀攀⸀
䤀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最 漀昀 㤀㐀㐀Ⰰ 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀✀猀 搀椀挀琀愀琀漀爀 䠀漀爀琀栀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀 眀愀猀 氀漀漀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 眀愀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀猀攀爀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀猀 猀攀渀猀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀渀搀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 漀挀挀甀瀀椀攀搀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀愀瀀椀搀 攀砀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀⸀ 䤀渀 䴀愀礀ⴀ䨀甀渀攀 㤀㐀㐀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 最栀攀琀琀漀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀愀琀栀 挀愀洀瀀猀 椀渀 倀漀氀愀渀搀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 猀椀砀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 圀攀 眀攀爀攀 椀渀 愀 最栀攀琀琀漀 愀琀 琀栀攀 漀甀琀猀欀椀爀琀猀 漀昀 䬀愀爀挀愀最 昀漀爀 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀 眀攀攀欀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 眀攀爀攀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀 琀攀爀爀椀戀氀礀 挀爀漀眀搀攀搀 最栀攀琀琀漀 椀渀 匀稀漀氀渀漀欀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀 氀愀爀最攀爀 挀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀挀琀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 䨀攀眀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀挀琀 眀攀爀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 漀渀 昀爀攀椀最栀琀ⴀ琀爀愀椀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 琀漀氀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 猀攀渀琀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀愀爀 眀攀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀椀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀攀愀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 䄀甀猀挀栀眀椀琀稀⸀ 䈀礀 猀漀洀攀 爀愀渀搀漀洀 攀瘀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀礀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 愀渀搀 䤀 眀攀爀攀 瀀甀琀 漀渀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀攀眀 琀爀愀椀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀愀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 䄀甀猀琀爀椀愀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 䨀攀眀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 氀愀戀漀爀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 最爀漀甀瀀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 洀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 甀猀 琀眀漀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 洀礀 瀀愀琀攀爀渀愀氀 最爀愀渀搀瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 洀礀 琀栀爀攀攀 愀甀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀渀 䄀甀猀琀爀椀愀 眀攀 眀攀爀攀 椀渀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 瘀椀氀氀愀最攀 渀攀愀爀 嘀椀攀渀渀愀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 愀搀甀氀琀猀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 愀 昀愀挀琀漀爀礀⸀ 圀攀 眀攀爀攀 氀椀戀攀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀 䄀爀洀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最 漀昀 㤀㐀㔀⸀ 䴀礀 洀愀琀攀爀渀愀氀 最爀愀渀搀瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀 瀀攀爀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䠀漀氀漀挀愀甀猀琀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 ㌀㘀 Ⰰ 䠀甀渀最愀爀椀愀渀 䨀攀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 琀眀漀ⴀ琀栀椀爀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 漀昀 䬀愀爀挀愀最⸀ 䘀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 漀甀爀 爀攀甀渀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 㤀㐀㘀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 氀椀瘀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 礀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 䈀甀搀愀瀀攀猀琀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 洀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 昀漀甀渀搀 樀漀戀 愀猀 愀 猀挀栀漀漀氀琀攀愀挀栀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 攀洀椀最爀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 䤀猀爀愀攀氀 椀渀 㤀㔀 ⸀ My parents, my brother (middle, up) and I (middle, down) at around the end of 1938. 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 In Israel we settled in Jerusalem and I started a new and very different life. Of course, there were initial difficulties of being new immigrants. We had to learn a new language, Hebrew. This was not too difficult for children (I was less than 13 at that time), but it was more difficult for my parents. Still, my father studied Hebrew and soon started to work, again as a schoolteacher. (Later he taught in at a teachers' seminary and authored mathematics textbooks, which were very popular in Israel). As always, education of their children was my parents' highest priority. Although we were quite poor immigrants at that time, my brother and I were sent to an expensive private school in Jerusalem. I suspect that most of the salary of my father was spent on our tuition fees.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 At school I was received well by the other children. These were times of massive immigration to Israel, so a new immigrant child with a Hungarian accent did not stand out too much (I am told that I still have some Hungarian accent, especially in English, though my Hungarian language is quite poor now). I was a good student, and learned easily different subjects, such as mathematics, physics, literature, history and even Talmud! That became a problem when I finished high school. I was interested in too many subjects, so it was difficult for me to decide how to continue. I chose to study medicine, probably by default, because my brother Chaim was already a medical student, so I could inherit his books for free! Chaim always wanted to be a physician, and he is now a very well-known hematologist and an authority on iron metabolism.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 In 1956, I started to study at the Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School in Jerusalem, which was the only medical school in Israel at that time (there are now four). In the basic science part of my medical studies, I fell in love with biochemistry. I studied biochemistry in three different courses: organic chemistry, basic biochemistry and a course called "physiological chemistry", which was medically oriented biochemistry. I was very fortunate to have outstanding teachers in all three courses. Organic chemistry was taught by Yeshayahu Leibowitz, a legendary person in Israel, a highly original thinker whose knowledge encompassed philosophy, political science, the Bible, Talmud, medicine, chemistry and more. He was probably my best teacher, it was an intellectual feast to listen to him. Leibowitz loved biochemistry, and he sneaked biochemistry into his lectures on organic chemistry whenever he could, which was often. Basic biochemistry was taught by Shlomo Hestrin, also an inspiring teacher who had a special talent of transferring his enthusiasm for science to the students. Physiological chemistry was taught by Ernst Wertheimer, a professor of German Jewish origin whom we had some difficulty to understand because of his heavy German accent, but who had an excellent perspective of integration of metabolism at the level of the total body and of physiological contexts of biochemistry. Another part of the same course was taught by Jacob Mager. Mager was an outstanding biochemist and a man of encyclopedic knowledge. However, he was very shy and quite a bad classroom teacher (though an excellent teacher in the laboratory, as I learned later). Most of his lectures were delivered while he was writing whole metabolic pathways on the blackboard, without any notes, with his face to the blackboard and his back directed to the class. Still, I was so much impressed by the depth and breadth of his knowledge of biochemistry that I decided to ask Mager to do some research in his laboratory.
䨀愀挀漀戀 䴀愀最攀爀⸀
䤀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 䴀愀最攀爀✀猀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 椀渀 㤀㘀 ⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 渀漀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 䴀⸀䐀⸀ⴀ倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䠀攀戀爀攀眀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀漀 搀漀 愀 礀攀愀爀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀 搀椀搀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 氀愀琀攀爀 漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 欀渀攀眀 戀礀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀 礀攀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 眀愀猀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 瘀攀爀礀 昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 栀愀搀 䨀愀挀漀戀 䴀愀最攀爀 愀猀 洀礀 洀攀渀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 琀甀琀漀爀 漀昀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀挀爀攀搀椀戀氀攀 猀挀漀瀀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 攀瘀攀爀礀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 椀渀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀Ⰰ 栀攀 欀渀攀眀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀 漀渀 ㌀ⴀ㐀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 甀渀搀漀甀戀琀攀搀氀礀 挀愀甀猀攀搀 昀爀愀最洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 椀渀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀Ⰰ 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀⸀ 䤀渀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 愀 昀攀眀 礀攀愀爀猀 䤀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䴀愀最攀爀 漀渀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀猀 愀猀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 瀀漀氀礀愀洀椀渀攀猀 漀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 椀渀 瘀椀琀爀漀Ⰰ 最氀甀挀漀猀攀ⴀ㘀ⴀ栀漀猀瀀栀愀琀攀 搀攀栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀愀猀攀 搀攀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 愀渀搀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 愀猀瀀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 瀀甀爀椀渀攀 渀甀挀氀攀漀琀椀搀攀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀猀洀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 攀渀稀礀洀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 䤀 愀氀猀漀 昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀 洀礀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀Ⰰ 搀椀搀 洀礀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 愀猀 愀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀愀渀 ⠀㤀㘀㔀ⴀ㤀㘀㜀⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀眀漀 洀漀爀攀 礀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 䴀愀最攀爀✀猀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 琀漀 昀椀渀椀猀栀 洀礀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 琀栀攀猀椀猀 ⠀㤀㘀㜀ⴀ㘀㤀⤀⸀ 䤀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 渀漀琀 樀甀猀琀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 䴀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 猀漀氀椀搀 戀愀猀攀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 爀椀最漀爀漀甀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀椀猀琀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀爀礀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 栀愀搀 琀漀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 渀攀最愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 渀攀眀 昀椀渀搀椀渀最 栀愀搀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀攀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀椀洀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 挀爀攀搀椀戀氀攀⸀ 䤀 漀眀攀 愀 氀漀琀 琀漀 䨀愀挀漀戀 䴀愀最攀爀 昀漀爀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 漀昀 爀椀最漀爀漀甀猀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀⸀
Judy and Avram Hershko in 1977. 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
I met Judith (née Leibowitz) in 1963, and we married at the end of the same year. Judy was born and raised in Switzerland. After her studies in biology, she decided to spend a year in Israel. During this year, she worked in the hematology laboratory of the Hadassah hospital in Jerusalem. One day, I walked over to the hematology laboratory to get a blood sample that I needed for my research, and we literarily bumped into each other. This collision caused her to stay in Israel for more than one year, and now we are married for over 41 years. We have three sons: Dan (1964), Yair (1968) and Oded (1975). Dan is a surgeon, Yair is a computer engineer and Oded is a medical student. We have now six grandchildren: Maya (1994), Lee (1997), Roni (1998), Ela (2000), Ori (2002) and Shahar (2004). Needless to say, both Judy and I are crazy about all our grandchildren. During all our years together, I got tremendous support from Judy. Although she came from one of the world's most peaceful countries to one of the least, and from a very comfortable and pampering environment to quite primitive surroundings, she stood her ground with a lot of energy, courage and cheerful optimism. She always took care of all my possible needs, as well as the needs of our children and grandchildren. Judy is not only a very beautiful woman, but she also radiates a lot of caring, love and compassion. In addition to providing so much support at home, she also helped me a lot in the laboratory over a period of more than 15 years. The ubiquitin system was helped by Judy in more than one way.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
㰀⼀栀㐀㸀
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